Plotting

# voltage data
voltage_trace = [
    -42.11, -55.63, -59.04, -78.63, -62.77, -63.55, -60.83, -66.27, -60.44, -64.77, -73.14, -51.15, -51.19, -42.90, -59.50, -64.05, -65.45, -75.46, -50.18, -71.01, -71.85, -62.06, -45.14, -57.63, -70.24, -67.13, -53.75, -61.61, -67.69, -62.30, -52.55, -40.24, -72.44, -66.26, -68.04, 15.81, -69.24, -70.24, -48.76, -61.32, -76.23, -53.53, -63.56, 22.57, -65.97, -65.89, -68.74, -59.70, -82.48, -62.68, -49.87, -51.47, -48.92, -48.81, -45.12, -71.18, -51.54, -78.61, -66.03, -79.14, -49.52, -46.66, -61.97, -42.25, -66.75, 41.51, -58.47, -70.64, -55.62, -40.61, -70.25, -51.01, -61.55, -42.30, -55.16, -53.24, -53.57, -57.51, -73.96, -46.08, -73.71, -57.61, -53.86, -68.38, -58.55, -48.32, -60.24, -68.89, -89.16, -69.72, -65.91, -65.16, -69.60, 43.77, -65.75, -61.09, 46.79, -68.55, -63.00, -38.42, -51.26, -72.94, -60.80, -54.36, -47.67, -58.51, -65.31, -67.31, -53.55, -56.87, -65.17, -61.89, -64.16, -52.75, -66.90, -55.14, -51.48, -55.14, -68.34, -46.55, -66.78, -55.74, -67.53, -77.44, -57.74, -57.13, -60.77, 42.76, -66.48, -67.37, -61.68, -40.91, -51.85, -65.20, -54.41, -64.78, -64.57, -51.41, -65.25, -76.76, 30.94, -59.12, -58.72, -47.58, -67.16, -52.69, -55.74, -61.49, -51.64, 44.92, -68.62, -49.28, -72.21, -59.40, -59.98, -55.75, -67.25, -60.35, -61.41, -50.03, -67.96, -59.27, -62.61, -72.98, -33.24, -60.71, -74.87, -45.91, -70.71, -56.29, -51.37, -66.48, -64.31, -65.40, -61.29, -76.22, -72.36, -61.41, -49.61, -53.68, 57.29, -53.06, -65.11, -61.23, -80.30, -69.61, -70.20, -57.29, -53.52, -65.60, -65.89, -75.47, -61.28, -57.52, 44.46, -67.83, -40.12, -48.05, -60.95, -65.27, -63.22, -58.49, -60.19, -55.16, 47.69, -46.34, -48.53, -61.10, -56.12, -63.87, -65.87, -40.89, -64.60, -40.09, -63.49, -57.47, -49.11, -59.76, -56.07, -62.41, -64.76, -61.66, -66.50, -43.69, -61.68, -42.77, -86.85, -59.82, -54.38, -62.94, -49.05, -53.60, -62.75, -55.65, -31.88, -57.48, -57.00, -64.40, -58.67, -72.89, -61.98, -35.42, -49.33, -53.59, -48.96, -41.18, -54.06, -39.29, -49.30, -58.33, -42.81, -83.59, -65.71, 42.66, -69.12, -61.56, -66.39, -66.54, -32.88, -53.73, -60.54, 53.15, -62.37, -51.15, 43.51, -43.73, -74.20, -52.34, -58.78, -71.57, -49.35, -68.72, -43.81, -54.87, -53.05, 40.80, -50.95, -78.66, -59.25, -66.28, -57.17, -60.47, -53.83, -68.38, -41.61, -36.84, -62.08, -60.15, -57.12, -47.36, -41.03, -72.06, -66.15, -70.62, -71.13, -76.39, -56.37, -71.59, -44.97, -50.92, -70.30, -70.30, -66.12, -46.00, -68.50, -74.94, -60.49, -56.27, -66.57, -43.81, -57.60, -55.47, -68.56, -60.40, -61.57, -82.72, -57.12, 22.05, -60.29, -74.74, -39.80, -56.74, -51.39, -50.81, -73.24, -82.82, 36.70, -51.03, -59.09, -52.15, -50.63, -74.92, -57.12, -40.34, -65.71, -80.29, -62.32, -64.65, -55.82, -68.92, -59.09, -82.17, -51.46, -44.13, -47.02, -75.15, -56.81, -89.84, -57.17, -60.64, -69.96, -56.56, -58.62, -50.60, -58.73, -57.65, -79.45, -71.60, -64.76, -57.03, -60.06, -44.99, 31.30, -62.40, -57.45, -62.31, -55.04, -65.71, 54.20, -63.20, -48.84, -60.30, -45.08, -73.98, -54.83, -64.33, -57.69, -48.07, -71.39, -73.22, -69.98, -57.46, -78.87, 40.97, -72.86, -71.44, 36.31, -56.19, 33.74, -64.92, -60.42, -62.73, -86.77, -64.30, 40.85, -49.02, -39.54, 46.67, -59.21, -69.65, -59.11, -52.21, -47.35, -68.81, -57.64, -51.84, 58.61, -57.44, -65.42, -66.90, -63.57, -66.52, -51.73, -49.31, -52.75, -48.08, 35.46, -56.20, -63.85, 40.44, -47.75, -60.30, -78.65, -62.53, -67.13, -75.09, -67.90, 49.61, -43.19, -64.89, -49.97, 51.78, -71.60, -60.39, -60.44, -58.28, -75.94, -63.49, -49.42, -47.38, 58.31, -63.38, -41.30, -53.34, -73.59, -52.38, -63.52, -54.81, -61.03, 52.08, -57.43, -62.83, -50.35, -57.44, -64.13, -47.23, -64.08, -66.37, 34.60, -74.65, -65.53, -41.39, -69.08, -59.92, -71.08, 33.89, -44.81, -51.04, -66.10, -59.94, -68.26, -67.84, -69.15, -68.97, -56.74, 45.97, -55.12, 38.31, -73.58, -60.67, -69.24, -51.19, -54.44, 47.47, -63.48, -78.11, -50.42, -47.74, -74.83, -58.62, -48.07, -70.76, -42.32, -63.49, -70.75, -46.28, 42.95, -66.53, -51.20, -79.56, -41.85, -68.16, -57.14, -63.99, -55.64, 48.88, -68.24, -52.14, -62.94, -66.88, -62.24, -70.05, -67.96, -50.51, -61.51, 51.42, -55.68, -70.26, -78.98, 33.13, -57.36, -59.91, -68.30, -49.87, -77.46, -72.59, -58.73, -38.06, -55.86, -70.05, -54.07, -53.17, -50.62, -64.10, -68.00, -58.82, -55.85, -44.02, -39.10, -67.33, -65.23, -60.64, -62.50, -55.14, -55.14, -57.42, 53.44, -61.59, -70.51, -75.61, 29.72, -70.44, -78.83, 46.63, -58.15, 35.77, -68.90, 24.19, -69.20, -41.52, -82.11, -58.58, -52.56, -58.64, -63.17, -52.32, -71.03, -54.44, 54.31, -70.41, -68.20, -58.64, -50.10, -46.61, -53.19, -66.70, -71.14, -57.57, -56.02, -71.01, -59.40, -56.68, -49.55, -69.91, -54.43, -71.69, 35.73, -60.78, 55.18, -26.86, -57.46, -55.05, -49.92, -73.62, -52.34, 27.58, -43.71, -45.57, -54.98, 31.93, -43.32, -57.40, -58.90, -54.20, -77.12, -55.72, -50.04, -56.61, 41.45, -69.54, -53.56, -58.00, -59.91, -65.63, -51.44, -47.53, -56.12, -51.03, -46.74, -44.12, 42.26, -62.13, -64.15, 40.14, -54.48, -50.62, -64.27, 41.50, -69.97, -47.36, -63.91, -56.42, -67.19, -62.98, -66.86, -42.95, -56.41, -61.66, -69.48, -66.10, -54.31, 56.66, -74.31, -69.17, -61.76, 33.72, -76.59, 40.19, -52.49, -75.77, -57.89, -50.35, -50.20, 35.80, -36.95, -54.45, -68.11, -50.16, -71.23, -51.05, -72.62, -52.09, -65.84, -48.68, -52.59, -55.53, -59.41, -49.13, -78.03, -55.67, -55.87, -54.38, -51.74, -22.98, -58.83, -51.96, -58.48, -44.27, -80.21, -43.02, 33.16, -82.62, -70.78, -61.75, -58.06, -60.46, -51.83, -60.35, -60.63, -81.44, -55.13, -49.90, -64.21, -78.77, -73.37, -43.26, -66.06, -66.65, -68.19, -53.19, -65.88, -68.69, -75.06, -61.08, -49.99, -61.48, -51.18, -58.25, -58.52, -58.21, -59.66, -49.74, -55.12, -65.78, -58.71, -60.76, -55.15, -58.20, -55.85, -74.77, -56.20, -46.86, -73.50, -43.99, -57.03, -62.08, -78.04, -49.12, -69.70, -65.11, -54.54, -70.26, -69.87, -71.51, -61.11, -54.11, -55.97, -55.93, -63.44, -58.60, -66.90, -40.02, -58.05, -79.55, -70.69, -43.99, -73.66, -64.38, -55.96, -70.97, -49.33, -43.21, -68.25, -48.71, -68.91, -69.98, -57.54, -57.62, -65.96, -51.58, -74.69, -68.56, -70.78, -52.42, -51.96, -53.33, -72.96, -58.67, -55.42, -76.17, 31.78, -53.54, -52.96, -57.45, -54.58, -56.76, -58.50, -61.09, -68.71, -62.46, -64.03, -36.82, -57.40, -60.11, -62.32, -61.15, -62.72, -54.55, -60.29, -51.89, -66.95, -56.50, -51.23, -71.54, -58.32, -57.53, -63.35, -64.87, -78.55, -48.51, -69.33, -72.40, -53.42, -78.32, -50.37, -55.66, -54.02, -61.64, -72.17, -78.89, -45.43, -64.72, -65.17, -44.18, -66.31, -62.38, -62.37, -61.37, -70.39, -65.60, -47.15, -52.39, -89.77, -79.59, -56.66, -61.13, -63.75, -49.57, -77.84, -48.00, -58.68, -54.52, -57.47, -51.54, -62.50, -65.42, -52.18, -58.25, -72.54, -46.50, -47.89, -45.59, -59.20, -56.49, -63.82, -69.73, -59.35, -58.23, -66.63, -41.70, -76.16, -68.15, -66.71, -47.09, -62.57, -63.25, -68.85, -67.64, -73.05, -49.84, -53.91, -50.10, -66.62, -34.88, -69.81, -80.54, -62.92, -58.63, 47.56, -70.17, -54.09, -42.92, -68.52, -67.40, -77.03, -57.59, -51.43, -52.33, -51.66, -45.84, -58.73, -50.47, -69.52, -67.91, -57.59, -68.18, -54.28, -46.25, -55.96, -67.37, -67.48, -46.35, -67.98, -59.11, -62.59, -59.47, -49.04, -65.39, -74.10, -45.48, -57.77, -52.74, -60.19, -52.22, -47.35, -46.34, -62.73, -63.52, -56.05, -57.93, -54.34, -67.11, -83.25, -55.50, -52.19, -53.57, -43.41, -51.48, -63.88, -50.15, -60.85, -47.45, -57.62, -55.46, -57.72, -59.45, -74.97, -59.42, -82.73, -55.02, -50.08, -39.49, -56.26, -67.16, -75.90, -40.52, -74.26, -51.04, -83.06, -60.51, -53.17, -56.75, -60.42, -68.25, -69.07, -49.91, -55.64, -61.61, -57.93, -69.27, -49.78, -47.39, -67.80, -58.98, -49.52, -66.42, -39.65, -44.89, -62.79, -50.21, -43.38, -72.44, -53.81, -61.44, -62.17, -52.90, -64.77, -74.00, -74.22, -60.20, -53.71, -60.24, -61.53, -60.31, -47.11, -54.70, -67.46, -62.89, -47.95, -65.80, -63.95, -60.25, -70.65, -50.98, -81.89, -45.49, -64.35, -72.57, -57.18, -77.11, -54.63, -52.26, -65.76, -63.89, -50.51, -66.71, -59.77, -56.52, -44.40, -65.03,
]

# time point for each value in voltage_trace
times_seconds = [
    0.0, 0.001, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008, 0.009, 0.01, 0.011, 0.012, 0.013, 0.014, 0.015, 0.016, 0.017, 0.018, 0.019, 0.02, 0.021, 0.022, 0.023, 0.024, 0.025, 0.026, 0.027, 0.028, 0.029, 0.03, 0.031, 0.032, 0.033, 0.034, 0.035, 0.036, 0.037, 0.038, 0.039, 0.04, 0.041, 0.042, 0.043, 0.044, 0.045, 0.046, 0.047, 0.048, 0.049, 0.05, 0.051, 0.052, 0.053, 0.054, 0.055, 0.056, 0.057, 0.058, 0.059, 0.06, 0.061, 0.062, 0.063, 0.064, 0.065, 0.066, 0.067, 0.068, 0.069, 0.07, 0.071, 0.072, 0.073, 0.074, 0.075, 0.076, 0.077, 0.078, 0.079, 0.08, 0.081, 0.082, 0.083, 0.084, 0.085, 0.086, 0.087, 0.088, 0.089, 0.09, 0.091, 0.092, 0.093, 0.094, 0.095, 0.096, 0.097, 0.098, 0.099, 0.1, 0.101, 0.102, 0.103, 0.104, 0.105, 0.106, 0.107, 0.108, 0.109, 0.11, 0.111, 0.112, 0.113, 0.114, 0.115, 0.116, 0.117, 0.118, 0.119, 0.12, 0.121, 0.122, 0.123, 0.124, 0.125, 0.126, 0.127, 0.128, 0.129, 0.13, 0.131, 0.132, 0.133, 0.134, 0.135, 0.136, 0.137, 0.138, 0.139, 0.14, 0.141, 0.142, 0.143, 0.144, 0.145, 0.146, 0.147, 0.148, 0.149, 0.15, 0.151, 0.152, 0.153, 0.154, 0.155, 0.156, 0.157, 0.158, 0.159, 0.16, 0.161, 0.162, 0.163, 0.164, 0.165, 0.166, 0.167, 0.168, 0.169, 0.17, 0.171, 0.172, 0.173, 0.174, 0.175, 0.176, 0.177, 0.178, 0.179, 0.18, 0.181, 0.182, 0.183, 0.184, 0.185, 0.186, 0.187, 0.188, 0.189, 0.19, 0.191, 0.192, 0.193, 0.194, 0.195, 0.196, 0.197, 0.198, 0.199, 0.2, 0.201, 0.202, 0.203, 0.204, 0.205, 0.206, 0.207, 0.208, 0.209, 0.21, 0.211, 0.212, 0.213, 0.214, 0.215, 0.216, 0.217, 0.218, 0.219, 0.22, 0.221, 0.222, 0.223, 0.224, 0.225, 0.226, 0.227, 0.228, 0.229, 0.23, 0.231, 0.232, 0.233, 0.234, 0.235, 0.236, 0.237, 0.238, 0.239, 0.24, 0.241, 0.242, 0.243, 0.244, 0.245, 0.246, 0.247, 0.248, 0.249, 0.25, 0.251, 0.252, 0.253, 0.254, 0.255, 0.256, 0.257, 0.258, 0.259, 0.26, 0.261, 0.262, 0.263, 0.264, 0.265, 0.266, 0.267, 0.268, 0.269, 0.27, 0.271, 0.272, 0.273, 0.274, 0.275, 0.276, 0.277, 0.278, 0.279, 0.28, 0.281, 0.282, 0.283, 0.284, 0.285, 0.286, 0.287, 0.288, 0.289, 0.29, 0.291, 0.292, 0.293, 0.294, 0.295, 0.296, 0.297, 0.298, 0.299, 0.3, 0.301, 0.302, 0.303, 0.304, 0.305, 0.306, 0.307, 0.308, 0.309, 0.31, 0.311, 0.312, 0.313, 0.314, 0.315, 0.316, 0.317, 0.318, 0.319, 0.32, 0.321, 0.322, 0.323, 0.324, 0.325, 0.326, 0.327, 0.328, 0.329, 0.33, 0.331, 0.332, 0.333, 0.334, 0.335, 0.336, 0.337, 0.338, 0.339, 0.34, 0.341, 0.342, 0.343, 0.344, 0.345, 0.346, 0.347, 0.348, 0.349, 0.35, 0.351, 0.352, 0.353, 0.354, 0.355, 0.356, 0.357, 0.358, 0.359, 0.36, 0.361, 0.362, 0.363, 0.364, 0.365, 0.366, 0.367, 0.368, 0.369, 0.37, 0.371, 0.372, 0.373, 0.374, 0.375, 0.376, 0.377, 0.378, 0.379, 0.38, 0.381, 0.382, 0.383, 0.384, 0.385, 0.386, 0.387, 0.388, 0.389, 0.39, 0.391, 0.392, 0.393, 0.394, 0.395, 0.396, 0.397, 0.398, 0.399, 0.4, 0.401, 0.402, 0.403, 0.404, 0.405, 0.406, 0.407, 0.408, 0.409, 0.41, 0.411, 0.412, 0.413, 0.414, 0.415, 0.416, 0.417, 0.418, 0.419, 0.42, 0.421, 0.422, 0.423, 0.424, 0.425, 0.426, 0.427, 0.428, 0.429, 0.43, 0.431, 0.432, 0.433, 0.434, 0.435, 0.436, 0.437, 0.438, 0.439, 0.44, 0.441, 0.442, 0.443, 0.444, 0.445, 0.446, 0.447, 0.448, 0.449, 0.45, 0.451, 0.452, 0.453, 0.454, 0.455, 0.456, 0.457, 0.458, 0.459, 0.46, 0.461, 0.462, 0.463, 0.464, 0.465, 0.466, 0.467, 0.468, 0.469, 0.47, 0.471, 0.472, 0.473, 0.474, 0.475, 0.476, 0.477, 0.478, 0.479, 0.48, 0.481, 0.482, 0.483, 0.484, 0.485, 0.486, 0.487, 0.488, 0.489, 0.49, 0.491, 0.492, 0.493, 0.494, 0.495, 0.496, 0.497, 0.498, 0.499, 0.5, 0.501, 0.502, 0.503, 0.504, 0.505, 0.506, 0.507, 0.508, 0.509, 0.51, 0.511, 0.512, 0.513, 0.514, 0.515, 0.516, 0.517, 0.518, 0.519, 0.52, 0.521, 0.522, 0.523, 0.524, 0.525, 0.526, 0.527, 0.528, 0.529, 0.53, 0.531, 0.532, 0.533, 0.534, 0.535, 0.536, 0.537, 0.538, 0.539, 0.54, 0.541, 0.542, 0.543, 0.544, 0.545, 0.546, 0.547, 0.548, 0.549, 0.55, 0.551, 0.552, 0.553, 0.554, 0.555, 0.556, 0.557, 0.558, 0.559, 0.56, 0.561, 0.562, 0.563, 0.564, 0.565, 0.566, 0.567, 0.568, 0.569, 0.57, 0.571, 0.572, 0.573, 0.574, 0.575, 0.576, 0.577, 0.578, 0.579, 0.58, 0.581, 0.582, 0.583, 0.584, 0.585, 0.586, 0.587, 0.588, 0.589, 0.59, 0.591, 0.592, 0.593, 0.594, 0.595, 0.596, 0.597, 0.598, 0.599, 0.6, 0.601, 0.602, 0.603, 0.604, 0.605, 0.606, 0.607, 0.608, 0.609, 0.61, 0.611, 0.612, 0.613, 0.614, 0.615, 0.616, 0.617, 0.618, 0.619, 0.62, 0.621, 0.622, 0.623, 0.624, 0.625, 0.626, 0.627, 0.628, 0.629, 0.63, 0.631, 0.632, 0.633, 0.634, 0.635, 0.636, 0.637, 0.638, 0.639, 0.64, 0.641, 0.642, 0.643, 0.644, 0.645, 0.646, 0.647, 0.648, 0.649, 0.65, 0.651, 0.652, 0.653, 0.654, 0.655, 0.656, 0.657, 0.658, 0.659, 0.66, 0.661, 0.662, 0.663, 0.664, 0.665, 0.666, 0.667, 0.668, 0.669, 0.67, 0.671, 0.672, 0.673, 0.674, 0.675, 0.676, 0.677, 0.678, 0.679, 0.68, 0.681, 0.682, 0.683, 0.684, 0.685, 0.686, 0.687, 0.688, 0.689, 0.69, 0.691, 0.692, 0.693, 0.694, 0.695, 0.696, 0.697, 0.698, 0.699, 0.7, 0.701, 0.702, 0.703, 0.704, 0.705, 0.706, 0.707, 0.708, 0.709, 0.71, 0.711, 0.712, 0.713, 0.714, 0.715, 0.716, 0.717, 0.718, 0.719, 0.72, 0.721, 0.722, 0.723, 0.724, 0.725, 0.726, 0.727, 0.728, 0.729, 0.73, 0.731, 0.732, 0.733, 0.734, 0.735, 0.736, 0.737, 0.738, 0.739, 0.74, 0.741, 0.742, 0.743, 0.744, 0.745, 0.746, 0.747, 0.748, 0.749, 0.75, 0.751, 0.752, 0.753, 0.754, 0.755, 0.756, 0.757, 0.758, 0.759, 0.76, 0.761, 0.762, 0.763, 0.764, 0.765, 0.766, 0.767, 0.768, 0.769, 0.77, 0.771, 0.772, 0.773, 0.774, 0.775, 0.776, 0.777, 0.778, 0.779, 0.78, 0.781, 0.782, 0.783, 0.784, 0.785, 0.786, 0.787, 0.788, 0.789, 0.79, 0.791, 0.792, 0.793, 0.794, 0.795, 0.796, 0.797, 0.798, 0.799, 0.8, 0.801, 0.802, 0.803, 0.804, 0.805, 0.806, 0.807, 0.808, 0.809, 0.81, 0.811, 0.812, 0.813, 0.814, 0.815, 0.816, 0.817, 0.818, 0.819, 0.82, 0.821, 0.822, 0.823, 0.824, 0.825, 0.826, 0.827, 0.828, 0.829, 0.83, 0.831, 0.832, 0.833, 0.834, 0.835, 0.836, 0.837, 0.838, 0.839, 0.84, 0.841, 0.842, 0.843, 0.844, 0.845, 0.846, 0.847, 0.848, 0.849, 0.85, 0.851, 0.852, 0.853, 0.854, 0.855, 0.856, 0.857, 0.858, 0.859, 0.86, 0.861, 0.862, 0.863, 0.864, 0.865, 0.866, 0.867, 0.868, 0.869, 0.87, 0.871, 0.872, 0.873, 0.874, 0.875, 0.876, 0.877, 0.878, 0.879, 0.88, 0.881, 0.882, 0.883, 0.884, 0.885, 0.886, 0.887, 0.888, 0.889, 0.89, 0.891, 0.892, 0.893, 0.894, 0.895, 0.896, 0.897, 0.898, 0.899, 0.9, 0.901, 0.902, 0.903, 0.904, 0.905, 0.906, 0.907, 0.908, 0.909, 0.91, 0.911, 0.912, 0.913, 0.914, 0.915, 0.916, 0.917, 0.918, 0.919, 0.92, 0.921, 0.922, 0.923, 0.924, 0.925, 0.926, 0.927, 0.928, 0.929, 0.93, 0.931, 0.932, 0.933, 0.934, 0.935, 0.936, 0.937, 0.938, 0.939, 0.94, 0.941, 0.942, 0.943, 0.944, 0.945, 0.946, 0.947, 0.948, 0.949, 0.95, 0.951, 0.952, 0.953, 0.954, 0.955, 0.956, 0.957, 0.958, 0.959, 0.96, 0.961, 0.962, 0.963, 0.964, 0.965, 0.966, 0.967, 0.968, 0.969, 0.97, 0.971, 0.972, 0.973, 0.974, 0.975, 0.976, 0.977, 0.978, 0.979, 0.98, 0.981, 0.982, 0.983, 0.984, 0.985, 0.986, 0.987, 0.988, 0.989, 0.99, 0.991, 0.992, 0.993, 0.994, 0.995, 0.996, 0.997, 0.998, 0.999
]

print(len(times_seconds), len(voltage_trace))

1000 1000

Plotting is not part of core python - we have to use an external library for that: Matplotlib.

Matplotlib comes installed with the anaconda distribution and the pyplot module is the most user-friendly way of plotting in python.

To make it available in the notebook, we need to “import” it. What you need to know for now (More details on how to work with external libraries next week):

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

This adds the pyplot module of matplotlib to your notebook’s namespace and makes all functions in matplotlib.pyplot available via the plt shortcut:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt  # "Load" pyplot

plt.plot(voltage_trace)  # plot the voltage traces (list of voltage values)
plt.show()

By default, pyplot produces reasonably useful plots - but we can tweak and annotate them to make them even better.

It helps to know how different elements of a figure are referred to in matplotlib: Figure, axes, x and y axis, x and y axis labels, title, x and y axis tick marks and tick labels.

Figure size and annotations - figsize, xlabel, ylabel, title

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 1.5))  # create a figure with a 1:10 aspect ratio

plt.plot(voltage_trace)  # plot the voltage trace

# add labels
plt.ylabel('Membrane voltage [mV]')  # label the y axis
plt.xlabel('Sample')  # label the x axis
plt.title('Data')  # plot title

plt.show()

Change colors

See here for more information on specifying colors: https://matplotlib.org/stable/gallery/color/named_colors.html

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 1.5))  # create a figure with a 1:10 aspect ratio
plt.plot(voltage_trace, c='r')  # change the color by providing single letter, one of rgbcymwk
plt.show()
plt.plot(voltage_trace, c='dodgerblue', alpha=0.5)  # by color name (see link above)
plt.show()

Specify x values

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 1.5))
plt.plot(times_seconds, c='m')  # use seconds as x-values, if omitted, will use indices as x-axes
plt.xlabel('Time [seconds]')
plt.show()

Change axis limits - xlim, ylim

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 1.5))
plt.plot(times_seconds, voltage_trace, 'k')
plt.ylabel('Membrane voltage [mV]')
plt.xlabel('Time [s]')
plt.title('Subthreshold voltages')
plt.ylim(0, 200)
plt.show()

Change x and y tick marks and labels - xticks and yticks

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 1.5))
plt.plot(times_seconds, voltage_trace, 'k')
plt.yticks([-60, -30, 0, 30], ['resting Vm', -30, 'ZERO', 30])
plt.ylabel('Membrane voltage [mV]')
plt.xlabel('Time [s]')
plt.show()

Change and combine markers

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 1.5))
plt.plot(times_seconds, voltage_trace, 'o-', c='k')  # plot voltage traces as lines and dots
plt.ylabel('Membrane voltage [mV]')
plt.xlabel('Time [s]')
plt.title('Recording')
plt.show()

Overlay multiple plots

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 1.5))
plt.plot(times_seconds, voltage_trace, '-', c='k')  # voltage trace as line in black
plt.plot(times_seconds, voltage_trace, 'o', c='r', alpha=0.2)  # individual voltage values as dots, `alpha` controls opacity
plt.ylabel('Membrane voltage [mV]')  # label the y axis
plt.xlabel('Time [s]')  # label the y axis
plt.title('Recording')
plt.show()

Multi-panel figures - subplot

plt.figure(figsize=(6, 6))
plt.subplot(2, 4, 3)  # activate/select first panel for plotting
plt.plot(times_seconds, voltage_trace, 'k')
plt.title("2,2,1")

plt.subplot(2, 2, 2)  # select second panel
plt.plot(times_seconds, voltage_trace, 'k')
plt.ylim(-90, -30)
plt.title("2,2,2")

plt.show()

plt.subplot(2, 2, 3)  # select third panel = axes
plt.plot(times_seconds, voltage_trace, 'k')
plt.ylim(-90, -30)
plt.title("2,2,3")

plt.subplot(2, 2, 4)  # select fourth panel = axes
plt.plot(times_seconds, voltage_trace, 'k')
plt.ylim(-90, -30)
plt.title("2,2,4")

Text(0.5, 1.0, '2,2,4')

Legends

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 1.5))
plt.plot(times_seconds, voltage_trace, 'o', c='r', alpha=0.2, label='data')  # define legend label
plt.plot(times_seconds, voltage_trace, '-', c='k', label='line')  # define legend label
plt.legend()  # add the legend - alternatively: plt.legend(['line', 'dots'])
plt.ylabel('Membrane voltage [mV]')  # label the y axis
plt.xlabel('Time [s]')  # label the y axis
plt.title('Recording')
plt.show()